4Cs - Cut, Clarity, Carat and Color - are the basic standards which determine the quality of a diamond. Today each diamond is filtered through the prism of these globally accepted standards. 4Cs are the most important parameters which help in evaluating true value of the stone.
CUT
COLOR
CLARITY
CARAT
The cut of a diamond is one of the fundamental attributes (one of the 4Cs) to knowing how to judge a diamond. Although it is often confused with the Shape of the diamond (Round cut, Princess cut, Emerald cut), it actually refers to how well the stone is polished from the rough. An excellent cut gives a diamond a higher level of scintillation. The angles and finish of the diamond determine its ability to reflect light. A better polish means a better reflective quality and hence, more sparkle.
Color manifests itself in a diamond as a pale yellow. This is why a diamond's color grade is based on its lack of color. The less color a diamond has, the higher its color grade. After cut, color is generally considered the second most important characteristic when selecting a diamond. This is because the human eye tends to detect a diamond's sparkle first, and color second.
Clarity simply refers to the tiny, natural imperfections that occur naturally in all but the finest diamonds. Gemmologist’s refer to these imperfections by a variety of technical names, including blemishes and inclusions, among others. Diamonds with the least and smallest imperfections receive the highest clarity grades. Because these imperfections tend to be microscopic, they do not generally affect a diamond's beauty in any discernible way.
As the name suggests, carat weight specifically refers to a diamond's weight. Carat weight, by itself, may not accurately reflect a diamond's size. To gain a precise understanding of diamond size, one should consider carat weight with two other characteristics:
1) the distance across the top of the diamond measured in millimeters, and
2) the diamond's cut grade.
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